For two companies with which you are familiar, compare and contrast Essay - 1

For two companies with which you are familiar, compare and contrast the main operations processes in terms of their volume, vari - Essay Example It began its operations back in 1962, and has been aggressively expanding in U.S. The company was able to introduce its full line grocery in 1988 (Varley, 2005). The company has through many struggles emerged as the largest grocery retailer in U.S. Currently, it is reported that the company sales are even higher than the combined total sales of its three competitors in U.S. i.e. Kroger, Safweway, and Supervalu. Volume Wal-mart produces tones of various products yearly. The company has diversified sources and centres where its carries its production. Yearly, it is estimated that the company spends $335 billion buying and transporting its merchandise globally (Pride, Hughes & Kapoor, 2011). This ability to produce in large volumes has allowed this company to lower its cost of production thus enabling it to sell at a lower price than its competitors’. Tesco too is widely known for its bulk production system. The company engages itself in what appear to be a multinational grocery and general merchandise retail (Keupp, 2007). This clearly shows the large number of goods the company produces. The company produces large volume of goods which has led it to open thousands of stores in over 14 countries all over the world. Variety In order to increase their competitive advantages, both Wal-mart and Tesco have hugely diversified their products. For instance, Wal-mart offers variety of services including retail goods, pharmacy, financial services, wireless, and also photo lab services. The company offers retail goods in various categories, for example, customers can purchase electronic products like digital cameras, laptops and computers in Wal-Mart stores (Mullins & Walker, 2013). In addition to home furnishing, the company also offers baby products, sporting goods, and grocery items. Wal-mart, offers to its customers financial services like credit card, debit cards, bill payment and also money transfer. Customers can also purchase money orders, gift cards and also cash cheques at various Wal-mart stores. This strategy adopted by Wal-Mart to offer a variety of goods to customers has enabled it to attract a large pool of customers not only in its home market in U.S. but also in the overseas markets. On the other hand, Tesco Company unlike its rival Wal-Mart has slightly taken a different line of specialization. The company started as a simple grocer, but with time it has been engaging in clothing sector, finance, insurance services, software business, internet shopping business, sale of DVDs, and mobile phone sales (Mullins & Walker, 2013). Its specialization in all these products has given it a higher competitive strength in UK compared to other rivals who usually specializes mainly on grocery. Variation in Demand variation Variation in demand has numerous implications that can be seen in the company’s characteristics. Wal-mart has constantly maintained low levels of demand variation. It has successfully maintained a variation of as lo w as 5% in its demand for a very long period (Varley, 2005). This has been possible for the company due to its effective strategy of focusing on how to lower prices of its products. This has given it a relief to maintain a very stable demand either during peak seasons or off peak periods. On the other hand, Tesco mainly records a medium level of demand variation with a range of between 10 to 20 % variation in its demand. This is brought about by the changing capacity, anticipation of what the customers might demand,

How individual and team activities contribute to meeting organisation Essay

How individual and team activities contribute to meeting organisation objectives and customers needs - Essay Example How individual and team activities contribute to meeting organisation objectives and customers’ needs? Objectives are mainly the achievements or goals that are targeted by an organisation. An organisation lay out objectives that looks at the interest of various stakeholders such as the customer, shareholders etc. The objectives can be either primary/strategic or secondary/tactical. Primary objectives are target put in place in the long term while secondary objectives are mainly short term. Long-term objectives only work well when an organisation is in a stable financial performance. The objectives should be specific, quantifiable, challenging, attainable, realistic, time-bound and understandable. The Morrison supermarket enjoys various benefits that come along with economies of scale. Due to its large size, the company manages to attract the best managers available in the job market. This is due to their ability to offer good salaries and work related allowances. This translates to their exponential growth due to the injection of top quality managerial skills. Secondly, the companies have a large capital base. This makes it easy for them to establish new retail outlets to bolster their rate of stock turn over. In turn this translates to increase in revenue base which ensures that they remain big and competitive. Thirdly, the big companies have well established market networks. This provides a ready market for their products and consequently generating high revenues. The high revenue realized plays a major role in the maintenance of their size and further growth. Lastly, they are able to initiate vertical integration through the process of take over. This is due to the fact being big companies; it becomes easier for the negotiations since each company has a large bargaining power. This helps to create a competitive advantage over other big players in the market (Carter, Kornberger & Schweizer 2011). A good example is the take over of Safeway back in the year 2004 a move that ensured it moved to other regions away from its traditional location (North of England). Thus for Wm Morison chain of supermarkets to achieve organisational objectives as well as satisfy the needs of customers, strategic planning is essential since it will prepare the organisation for unexpected changes commonly referred to as crisis management. Strategic planning usually covers a period of three to five years while laying emphasis on the market dynamics. The organisational benefits that can be derived from strategic planning are; Preparation for future opportunities Better business environment awareness Definition of organisation mission Imparts a sense of continuity and direction Facilitate employee accountability Background information According to Morrisons-corporate.com, Wm Morrison Supermarkets is the fourth largest among the chains of

Psychological Theories for OCD

Psychological Theories for OCD Sana Akram PSYCHOLOGICAL PERSPECTIVES FOR THE ANALYSIS OF OCD Psychological Perspective Key characteristics of the perspective used to explain the cause of obsessive compulsive disorder Analysis of the Perspective to effectively explain the cause of obsessive compulsive disorder 1. Psychodynamic perspective Freud’s theory: The inner self (the consciousness, level-headed personality) of patients with OCD is disturbed by their obsessions and impulses, and this leads them to utilize conscience guard components including fixing, and response development. Freud contended that OCD is connected to the anal-centric phase of an individual’s development, which happens at around 2 years old, on the grounds that amid this stage youngsters are toilet prepared. Defence psychological responses, isolation: Any connection between potty training and OCD is only that, an affiliation, so we cant build up causation and we cant say that latrine preparing causes OCD. Rather there could be different elements, for example personality trait, that influence both potty training and OCD. A noteworthy clash inside of the kid between needing to soil his or her garments and needing to hold dung can happen if parents are excessively cruel and make the kid feel grimy and embarrassed. The infant might intentionally soil his or her clothes as a demonstration of defiance. This debate over cleanliness can prompt OCD. Freud (1949, see A2 Level Psychology page 530) 2. Biological perspective Abnormal brain functioning: There is some kind of irregularity in the neurotransmitter serotonin, among other understandable mental or instinctive anomalies; then again, it is conceivable that this movement is the cerebrums reaction to OCD, and not its cause. Serotonin is thought to have a part in controlling uneasiness; This neurotransmitter goes starting with one nerve cell then onto the next through neural connections. With a specific end goal to send compound messages, serotonin must tie to the receptor locales situated on the nerve cell. It is theorized that OCD sufferers may have blocked or harmed receptor locales that keep serotonin from working to its maximum capacity. Abnormalities in brain areas: Various studies have shown irregular cerebrum working in people with OCD (Saxena, Brody, Schawtrz Lewis, 1998). These studies have recognized over activity in the limbic framework. The basal ganglia set the bodys gauge excitement and smother regulation of engine development. Over activity around there is related with the physical impressions of tension, shirking propensities and tics. 3. Behavioural Perspective Classic conditioning, operant conditioning: As per the behavioural clarification, fear in people with fixations and impulses is activated by apprehension connected with boosts (e.g. unwashed hands, obsessional contemplations) that are unrealistic to bring about genuine mischief. The habitual ceremonies (e.g. hand washing) diminish trepidation thus this conduct is strengthened or remunerated by apprehension diminishment. Face and investigative legitimacy: The hypothesis that the enthusiastic ceremonies decrease tension divines well (face legitimacy) and is reinforced by confirmation (exploratory legitimacy). Nature versus sustain: Behavioural clarifications represent support, as per these, conduct is exclusively a result of adapting as we are conceived as a clear slate. They disregard nature, which is a critical shortcoming as the developmental clarification recommends certain boosts are more inclined to be adapted than others. 4. Cognitive Perspective Impaired information process, irrational fear: As indicated by the intellectual viewpoint, OCD patients have an expanded feeling of moral obligation thus get a handle on they must convey their urgent ceremonies to maintain a strategic distance from unfriendly results, and this is their key psychological mistake. Salkovskis (1996, see A2 Level Psychology page 532) clarifies the impulses are in light of intellectual intervals. The need to be free of distress and anxiety by performing same task again and again Face and exploratory acceptability: Patients with OCD do have the flawed discernments regularly encompassing their feeling of moral obligation so this clarification bodes well (face legitimacy). It is likewise upheld by exact proof and in this manner has exploratory legitimacy. The completing of the enthusiastic events imply that OCD patients never get the chance to test out their flawed thinking and acknowledge there is not a critical outcome in the event that they commit an error. Psychological Perspective Brief description of study(I.es) offered to support the perspectives explanation for Obsessive Compulsive Disorder Evaluation of the methods of data gathering used by each perspective 1. Behavioural Perspective Hypothesis provided by Mowrer which was backed by Rachman and Hodgson Mowrer (1947, see A2 Level Psychology page 531) added to a two-procedure hypothesis: the first process includes traditional moulding whereby an unbiased traumas gets to be connected with devastating cogitations or encounters and this prompts the improvement of nervousness, e.g. partner shaking hands with contamination. The other process includes operant moulding whereby the individual finds that the uneasiness is lessened by certain behaviour, thus this turns into the compulsion. Rachman and Hodgson 1980 A2 Level Psychology page 531) give backing to Mowrers hypothesis. They found that when patients with OCD were presented to circumstances setting off their fixations this did result in an abnormal state of anxiety and nervousness and when they performed their enthusiastic customs, this diminished their tension. Naturalistic research approach: The research methodology taken place is naturalistic, the scientists compare the subject’s behaviour pattern with the general population, and the tools used were keen observation then were given a form of hypothesis. (Shaughnessy, J. J., Zechmeister, E. B. (1985).Research methods in psychology. Alfred) 2. Cognitive Perspective Researches done by Buttolph and Holland: Buttolph and Holland (1990) found that 69% of female patients with obsessive compulsiveness had the onset or intensifying of side effects amid pregnancy or labour, which is steady with the expanded feeling of identity hypothesis on the grounds that unmistakably the conception of a kid is a huge obligation regarding the prosperity of their youngster. Neziroglu et al (1992, see A2 Level Psychology page 532) found that 39% of female patients with over the top impulsive issue with youngsters reported an onset of the issue amid pregnancy. Tallis (1995 A2 Level Psychology page 532) discusses the feeling of moral obligation clarification in light of the fact that, if this was the main variable included in obsessive compulsive issue, numerous more individuals would experience the ill effects of it. Abramowitzs audit 2006 A2 Level Psychology page 532) of the flawed comprehensions demonstrated by obsessive compulsions additionally underpins the misrepresented feeling of moral obligation clarification on the grounds that such intellectual lapses incorporate the conviction that musings can help to bring about occasions called thought–action combination. Quantitative research methodology along with case studies/ cases history: The research methodologies used in the theories and hypothesis were case studies, mostly among female patients going through pregnancy, the hypothesis were made on the grounds that for new mothers children are a huge responsibility which can be a trigger for OCD in those patients. These case studies were done among several pregnant females and the percentage was taken out. The other research method applied was Experimental research method in which one is a dependent and other is an independent variable. INTRODUCTION In this case study, we need to assess the psychological perspectives and evaluate the influence of such perspectives on the subject. The subject who is now recovered, seems to have a terrible experience from this disorder, the psychological perspectives may be behavioural perspective, cognitive, psychodynamic or even biological. In this essay, we will discuss the contributing factors from a psychological point of view. There are certain theories that evaluate the main causes of OCD, but the fact that the reasons vary from person to person make it difficult to be diagnosed and treated. From the biological perspective, it is easier for the disorder to be subsided, but that is not a successful solution in all cases. DISCUSSION OCD is likely a heterogeneous disorder, and different modalities of treatment have been discovered to be successful in enhancing OCD indications to differing degree. These incorporate pharmacotherapy, subjective conduct treatment, electro-convulsive treatment, and psychosurgery. By and large psychotherapy alone is not powerful, but rather mental backing for the OCD patient and his family is critical. (American Psychiatric Association 2000). Individual components of OCD may have imperative ramifications for treatment arranging as far as consistence, reaction to treatment and elements that fuel or diminish indications (AACAP, 1998). Mellow fixations or impulses that are not the wellspring of significant trouble or weakness may warrant observing over the long haul without the start of particular treatment (AACAP). In the event that such fixations or impulses are identified with outer or formative stressors, psychotherapy or other psychosocial mediations focused to these stressors may be valuable. In this case, the patient has mentioned about the Cognitive treatment, and that she felt better with it means it was progressive; however, the cognitive treatment is a kind of talking treatment, in which the thoughts, behaviour, thinking can affect the power of dealing with certain problems. Since, the patient showed improvement with CBT that makes it a reason of one of the causing factors of the patient’s OCD. The patient here complains about having horrendous thoughts of killing her children that had led her to the compulsiveness of sealing the bag which contained cords that can be used to strangle her own children, so the cognition here is affected, leading to behavioural problems, the CBT is different than the conventional talking session with the psychiatrist because the professionals can utilize a wide range of tools to improve the condition of the patient, these tools may include motivating and helping the patient to identify the wrong and right practices and suppressio n of the wrong thoughts, moreover, the psychiatrist may help the patient to learn about different relaxation techniques that can help her to relax when such thoughts arise. Diane further adds that she doesn’t have the traditional OCD symptom i.e. she was not a cleanliness freak, but her OCD did take an evil approach when her cognition, her thoughts pattern started to derail and she feared herself that she might be dangerous for her children, we can conclude that the thoughts she experienced might be a result of her early pregnancy when she was anxious that she is going to be a parent which is going to be a highly responsible job, this might have led her to the derailment of rational thoughts. Moreover, Diane also gives detail of her early experience that she used to fear the fact that if she didn’t follow her daily ritual something bad might happen to her parents, this tells about her behavioural pattern, and the theories of punishment and rewards apply here. The biological perspective also plays an important role here; Diane explains that she was under anti-depressants which had made her calm and easy. So the theory of biological perspective applies here, we can conclude that she must be going through the misbalance of chemical neurotransmitters. Kobak, K., Taylor, L., Bystritsky, A., Kohlenberg, C., Greist, J., Tucker, P., et al. (2005) Her details reflect that she was prescribed sedative hypnotics to calm her down and help her sleep, which is also a muscle relaxant. Other than sedatives, SSRIs (Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors) (Abramowitz, 1997) are the most widely used anti-depressants must have been given to her for her complete therapy. Furthermore, for the treatment of her delusive thoughts and psychosis, she must have been kept under haloperidol, which is a highly effective drug. Buttolph and Holland (1990) The theories suggest that the OCD and other mental disorders are inherited; here Diane explains that her eldest child is also under the same practice as his/her mother, this explains the biological and genetic perspective of OCD. (Barrett, P. Shortt, A. Healy 2002) The eldest child of the subject who is showing few symptoms of OCD, this can be related to another psychodynamic perspective, the child may have been attached to the mother, as a result of which the child must have received the same habits as her. Sigmund Freud psychoanalysis suggests that the first stage of OCD is the outcome of behaviour of the parents that brings the sense of guilt and punishment if the particular task is not done. There are various causes of OCD and various therapies that should be kept in mind when dealing with such patient, till date, no accurate therapy has come to existence that would eradicate this disorder. The treatment of OCD varies from person to person; the psychological perspectives play a vital role in diagnosis and give a clue about how it should be treated. CONCLUSION In spite of the fact that the examination to date has tended to numerous basic issues in the treatment of OCD, critical points still require further study. Case in point, a treatment program that incorporates preparing relatives about OCD, its treatment, and how to adequately help with a friend or family members treatment would be valuable, given the high predominance of social issues in families of OCD patients. Inspiration to start treatment, particularly given the uneasiness bringing out nature of ERP, is regularly an issue. In these way availability programs, in which patients read case histories or examine treatment with previous patients, may diminish refusal rates and build treatment consistence. From the clinicians viewpoint, giving effective ERP can be a test, and not very many focuses offer the preparation expected to wind up capable in these strategies. Hence, improvement of projects for brain science and psychiatry students may likewise enhance access to this powerful tre atment. REFERENCES Abramowitz, J. S. (1997). Effectiveness of psychological and pharmacological treatments for obsessive-compulsive disorder: a quantitative review of the controlled treatment literature. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 65, 44–52. Abramowitz, J. S., Moore, K. M., Carmine, C., Wiegartz, P., Purdon, C. (2001). Obsessive compulsive disorder in males following childbirth. Psychosomatics, 42, 429–431. American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 35 (3), 333-342. American Psychiatric Association (APA). (2000). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (4th Barrett, P., Shortt, A., Healy, L. (2002). Do parent and child behaviors differentiate families whose children have obsessive-compulsive disorder from other clinic and non-clinic families? Journal of Child Broocks, A., Briggs, N. C., Piggott, T. A., Hill, J. L., Canter, S. K., Tolliver, T. J., Murphy, D. L. (1997). Behavioural, physiological and neuroendocrine responses in healthy volunteers to m-chlorophenylpiperazine (m-CPP) with and without ondansetron pre-treatment.  Psychopharmacology,130(2), 91-103. Kobak, K., Taylor, L., Bystritsky, A., Kohlberg, C., Greist, J., Tucker, P., et al. (2005) March, J., Mulle, K., Herbel, B. (1994). Behavioral psychotherapy for children and adolescents with Miller, D., Slater, D. (2000). The internet: An ethnographic approach. New York:Berg. Neziroglu, F., McKay, D., Yaryura-Tobias, J. A. (2000). Overlapping and distinctive features of hypochondriasis and obsessive–compulsive disorder. Journal of anxiety disorders,14(6), 603-614. Rode, S., Salkovskis, P. M., Jack, T. (2001). An experimental study of attention, labelling and memory in people suffering from chronic pain.  Pain, 94(2), 193-203. Saxena, S., Brody, A. L., Schwartz, J. M., Baxter, L. R. (1998). Neuroimaging and frontal-subcortical circuitry in obsessive-compulsive disorder.  The British Journal of Psychiatry. Shaughnessy, J. J., Zechmeister, E. B. (1985).  Research methods in psychology. Alfred A. Knopf.

Moby Dick - Characters of Captain Ahab and Ishmael :: Moby Dick Essays

The characters of captain Ahab and Ishmael are almost opposites.   About the only things the two share in common are that they are both seamen and they both are on a hunt for a whale. Ishmael is a pleasing character, who plays the role of the main character as well as narrator.   He is a common man who has a love for the sea, and goes to it to clear his mind whenever he feels down or feels that it is â€Å"a damp, drizzly November† in his soul.   As for his physical appearance, he doesn’t really specify.   However, one might assume that he is a middle-aged man and probably holds the characteristics of the â€Å"stereotypical seaman†.   But, what the character lacks in physical description, he makes up for with a full personality that his described extensively throughout the book.   Ishmael is a man who seeks what is best described as â€Å"inner peace†.   He is very content with himself when on the water, and has a great love for being a seaman.   He joins the crew of the Pequod to satisfy his longing to be back on the ocean, but as it turns out, the particular voyage he is to set out on is not what he had suspected.   F or this ship would be commanded by a half-crazed captain in a desperate search for a viscous white whale.   Over all, Ishmael is definitely the most civilized and wise man in the story.      Captain Ahab is an overwhelmingly intimidating character in the story, and can probably be considered the most deranged of them all.   His radical obsession with finding and killing the white whale known as â€Å"Moby-Dick† causes Ishmael and others of the crew to become frightened at his abnormal behavior.   Ahab’s physical appearance is best described as foreboding and evil.   He is a tall man with gray hair, and is missing a leg due to a death-defying confrontation with Moby-Dick himself.   His new artificial leg is made from the bone of whale and once again adds to his intimidating form.   His personality is also quite mad.   He has a maniacal presence about him and would risk his life and the lives of his crewmen just to fulfill his mission of demented revenge.   Melville does a fine job describing this particular character with the utmost extremeness.    The characters of Ishmael and Ahab are two that have a great and critical impact on the book.

Pediatric Nurse Practitioner Essay

What’s an NP? A nurse practitioner is a registered nurse who has additional education and training in a specialty area such as family practice or pediatrics. Pediatric and family practice NPs can provide regular health care for kids. Nurse practitioners have a master’s degree in nursing and board certification in their specialty. A pediatric NP has advanced education, skills, and training in caring for infants, children, and teens. Licensed as nurse practitioners and registered nurses, NPs follow the rules and regulations of the Nurse Practice Act of the state where they work. If accredited through the national board exam, the NP will have an additional credential such as Certified Pediatric Nurse Practitioner or Certified Family Nurse Practitioner Task performed by a pediatric nurse practitioner ï‚ · Diagnosing, treating, evaluating and managing acute and chronic illness and disease ï‚ · obtaining medical histories and conducting physical examinations ï‚ · Ordering, performing, and interpreting diagnostic ï‚ · Prescribing physical therapy and other rehabilitation treatments ï‚ · Prescribing pharmacologic treatments and therapies for acute and chronic illness ï‚ · Providing prenatal care and family planning services ï‚ · providing well-child care, including screening and immunizations ï‚ · Providing primary and specialty care services, health-maintenance care for adults, including annual physicals ï‚ · Providing care for patients in acute and critical care settings ï‚ · Counseling and educating patients on health behaviors, self-care skills, and treatment options Education requirements An advanced degree in nursing is required for pursuing a career as a pediatric nurse practitioner. Before a student enrolls in a master’s degree program, completion of an undergraduate degree program in nursing is necessary. While many students complete a Bachelor of Science in Nursing, other students may choose to complete an associate degree in nursing program followed by an ADN-MSN bridge program Regardless of undergraduate degree choice, the curriculum prepares students for careers as nurses. Undergraduate degrees programs include general education courses and nursing-specific courses and clinical. The clinical experience places students in a live health care setting, such as a hospital or health clinic. Core nursing classes include topics, such as: * Community nursing * Health assessment * Nursing ethics * Anatomy and physiology * Complex health problems Schools that provide programs in this career: USF UCF UF Salary The salary for this career ranges from experience; the more experienced you are the higher your pay the less experienced you are the lower your pay. Average – $92,250 High – $109,688 Low – $81,509 Sources http://www1.salary.com/Nurse-Practitioner-Salary.html http://www.graduatecatalog.ucf.edu/programs/program.aspx?id=1362&tid=708 http://health.usf.edu/nursing/academics/pediatric/index.htm http://admissions.nursing.ufl.edu/degrees/graduate/master-of-science-in-nursing/family-nurse-practitioner/ http://kidshealth.org/parent/system/doctor/nurse_practitioner.html http://education-portal.com/pediatric_nurse_practitioner.html http://wiki.answers.com/Q/What_task_performed_by_nurse_practitioners

Case About Anthony Tan

Concise Summary of Case – Anthony Tan was one of the most wanted men as he was allegedly charged for murder of Bosnian refugee and Rebels bikie, Edin â€Å"Boz† Smajovic. After 2 years building an export business in Vietnam, he read a media report from NSW, describing him as one of the state’s most wanted men. He was unaware for 2 years of the police hunt for him. He immediately got on the phone, first his lawyer, then to an airline. He was more than willing to return to Australia to fight his allegations.In the end he was arrested and charged for the murder and held on remand in prison for over a year. When he granted bail in August, his trial was to start that same week. Both Anthony Tan and co-accused Nathan Keith Reddy and taken to court. Once the case reached the Supreme Court, the case was dismissed even before the trial had started. This was because, it was understood that the case failed partly due to an alleged confession from a prosecution witness. Juri sdictions of all courts involved –The two courts involved in this case were the Central Local Court and the Supreme Court. The jurisdictions for the local court include the majority of criminal, summary prosecutions in NSW and with civil matters up to $100,000. It also conducts committal proceedings to determine whether or not indictable offences are to be committed to the District and Supreme Court. Meanwhile the jurisdictions for the Supreme Court has unlimited civil jurisdictions and handles claims of more than $750,000. It also deals with the most serious criminal matters, including murder and treason.The initial court for this case (Central Local Court) had refused bail, but when it reached the Supreme Court, the case was dismissed even before the trail had even started. Area of law – The Anthony Tan case was a public, criminal case, as Anthony allegedly broke the criminal law, which is part of the public law (also known as the Common law). The standard of proof i s the amount of evidence which a plaintiff or prosecuting attorney, in a criminal case, must be presented in a trial in order to win.As for a civil case the standard of proof is generally that the plaintiff must prove this case by majority (51%) of the evidence. The standard of proof for this case was it was beyond reasonable doubt. The standard of proof needed for a criminal case is that there must be no reasonable doubt that the defendant committed the crime in order to convict the defendant. The standard of proof in this criminal case, which resulted in the freedom of Mr. Tan, was an alleged confession from a prosecution witness, which led to the case to fail.Was a jury used? Why or why not? – A jury is usually used in the Supreme Court, but the Supreme Court judge had dismissed the case on technical terms, therefore a jury was not needed. It was an interesting case due to the fact that Tan was innocent yet held in jail for more than 1 year. This had a major impact on Anth ony Tan’s life, reputation and his future. For a case that would of continued in the Supreme Court, a jury would have been selected, but due to the fact that the case was dismissed, a jury was not needed.Is a jury effective? – A jury is a group of citizens (usually of 12) who hears the testimony in legal disputes and determines what they believe is the truth. The word jury is derived from the French word jurer, which means, â€Å"to swear an oath. † The jury has generally been successful because their peers judge the accused and the public plays a role in the criminal justice system, as they make the community feel as though they have a voice in situations that concern society at large.The jury is there to represent a cross-section of society and they provide a range of perceptions. Also the responsibility for the verdict is spread across 12 jurors and the system acts as a safety net against corrupt and oppressive conduct by state and/or police force. The jury i s also carefully selected to avoid bias, prejudice, racist, sexist or any other form of discrimination, which can influence the verdict. Also the defense council can remove a juror, if they feel uncomfortable with them being in the jury.

Characteristics Of Biblical Wisdom Books Religion Essay Example

Characteristics Of Biblical Wisdom Books Religion Essay Example Characteristics Of Biblical Wisdom Books Religion Essay Characteristics Of Biblical Wisdom Books Religion Essay and will detest those who follow Him. Besides in Israelite tradition, the warnings of the danger of foreign civilizations ( their Gods, and adult females! ) . Then throughout the Wisdom books, particularly in Proverbs, the two ways: that of the wise, who follow the counsel of seniors, and tribunal Lady Wisdom ; and that of the foolish, who fail even to larn from their ain errors, and shun the voice of Lady Wisdom to follow in the ways of Lady Folly. All of the Ancient Near East civilizations had their portion of wisdom literature. Often these sapiential plants form the classics of a given civilization s literary end product. Greece, for illustration, gives us such truth as the unexamined life is non deserving populating from Socrates, All work forces by nature desire to cognize from Aristotle, and of class the wise advocate carved into the portal at the Oracle of Delphi: Know Thyself, which is told to us by Plato in his wide-ranging work, Charmides. The cardinal desire for cognition as such characterizes human nature. Many writers from clip immemorial to today go on to work out their apprehension of human nature, themselves, and above all God and his relationship to us. All of these are cardinal subjects of Wisdom Literature. Murphy speaks of the Wisdom Literature and its timeless instructions, its eminently practical nature, its cosmopolitan impact. How do I carry on myself in a righteous mode, so that I and my family/tribe/nation might thrive, and live in the visible radiation of the Lord s approvals? How do I avoid the booby traps of so many people we see around us who are ensnared in all kinds of calamities? These are practical concerns of people of every state and coevals. Murphy points out while the scriptural Wisdom Literature is divinely inspired ; it speaks to us in ways curiously abstracted from history and civilization. As such, civilizations can pull this cosmopolitan wisdom from its adjacent civilizations, following its experience and wisdom for the prosperity of its ain kids. Much of the scriptural Wisdom Literature is closely related to traditions of other Ancient Near Eastern cultures. Much of the Book of Proverbs seems to hold been pulled as big balls from a similar book of Egyptian beg inning. The character of Job resembles a Babylonian narrative from the 2nd millenary BCE. The Song of Songs has its equivalents in the adjacent civilizations, though few enjoy the length and elegance of the scriptural version. This free incorporation of foreign beginnings of Wisdom Literature into the divine canon of Scripture evidently speaks of the catholicity of human wisdom, but besides of disclosure itself. Put in pointed footings, if God saw fit to acknowledge the wisdom of the heathen Egyptians and hold them incorporated into some of the chapters of the scriptural Book of Proverbs ( for illustration ) , that tells us we ought to be unfastened and watchful to the possibility of happening godly wisdom-perhaps expressed in an uncomplete way-in the wisdom in other civilizations and spiritual traditions, as we see clearly in the instance of Wisdom Literature. Murphy mentioned early in his text that Wisdom Literature has ever been a spot fishy, in portion because of its clear incorporation of stuff from outside Israel, and in portion from its more universal-and less clearly religious-subject, doing in many texts really few mentions to the specific faith tradition of Israel. But tradition-both Judaic and C hristian-attests dependably to the natural, necessary, and godly inclusion of these texts. For illustration, on the inquiry of the canonicity of the Song of Songs, easy one of the more controversial inquiries of rightness for Godhead canonicity, the great Rabbi Akiba ben Yosef testified, The whole universe is non deserving the twenty-four hours on which the Song of Songs was given to Israel, for all the Bibles are holy, but the Song of Songs is the Holy of Holies. Due to their poetic composing, many parts of the Wisdom principal are really hard to day of the month. Poetry by nature transcends beyond the normal scope of historic or cultural mentions to achieve its cosmopolitan truth. The fact that these books were intended to hold cosmopolitan entreaty and resonance agencies that they defy efforts to day of the month them. Job, for illustration, one of the longest of books, has non a individual identifiable historical mention, every bit good as holding the broadest scope of vocabulary. Other plants, such as Sirach and the Book of Wisdom can be comparatively dated to the early inter-testamental period. Likewise, the book of Psalms is a aggregation of anthem and supplications which were independently composed over a great period of clip, and frequently admit of characteristics enabling them be dated, at least by and large. At the clip of Jesus, Wisdom Literature was still comparatively new, but of increasing importance in the spiritual piousness and devotedness of his twenty-four hours. The survey of Wisdom Literature, so, provides us non merely with an penetration into the spiritual ambiance of the really early yearss of Christianity and that intertestamental period in which Jesus and the apostles lived and worked, but it provides us besides a broader grasp of the Bible in general. The Wisdom Books differ markedly from the remainder of the bible, and provides some of the most colorful literature in the Old Testament. So in analyzing these books, we give ourselves a better apprehension of the really wide base on which the Old Testament stands, and hence on which the Christian religion remainders. The Book of Job depict how the chief subject of this book is developed, how we read it in the visible radiation of Christian disclosure, and how its message may come into usage in pastoral state of affairss. There are several critical togss that weave through the scriptural book of Job, and merit treatment: theodicy ( the inquiry of the being of God in face of the job of immorality ) , the agony of the inexperienced person ( and the Deuteronomistic position of good and evil ) , and the development in the construct of Satan. The Righteous Sick person is a character in a Babylonian text that may hold been the theoretical account for the scriptural presentation of Job. He is beset by all sorts of disease and accidents. He is mocked even by his slaves, which in the Ancient Near East would hold been a profound abuse. This adult male fell to the deepnesss of human being. This sick person asks the inquiry that every grownup at one clip or another has asked: Why me? And this sick person provides a kind of expectancy by 500 old ages of the scriptural Job, who will inquire precisely the same inquiry. The necessary inquiry that Job brings to us, as Murphy tells us, is that of the agony of the inexperienced person. Our supporter was no great evildoer, non one who deserved the agony that befell him. When confronted with his friends who try to soak off his penalty as effect for wickedness, he knew that this was an overly simplistic rationalisation. Job did non give in to the facile accounts of his friends, the co nventional wisdom of his clip, to happen the reply to his agony. He knew he did non merit what happened. The response which the book of Job provides goes far beyond the bounds of Ancient Near East faiths, and reveals a God who is both utterly transcendent-and yet who is of all time closely near to those who suffer. Our life is non like a film where at the terminal everything is resolved and the hero wins and we move on merrily. The agony does non ever travel off. The enigma is non ever solved. Questions remain. Job is here to state us that that is all right. As Murphy tells us in his remarks, if any book, commentary, talk wholly resolves the book of Job, throw it out, it is a fraud. It is non within human capacity to penetrate the enigma. The simple response merely does non work. Satan, who is mentioned in Job 1:6-12 and 2:1-7 is non the individual we think of when we imagine the Satan or Satan as he is described in the New Testament. This character is non called Satan as though it were his proper name. This was originally a common noun, ( the adversary , the accuser ) , bespeaking an office. Satan we see in the book of Job is a member of the celestial tribunal, and is a merely and unsloped individual, an agent who God has commissioned to ferret out the unfaithful and put people to the trial. There is an development in the thought of Satan. The thought of the tester/ tempter , as an office held by a heavenly being in God s service, as we see in the Old Testament, changes into the Intertestamental and New Testament image of Satan as a proper name, as it has long been treated in the Christian head ( i.e. , Satan = the Satan ) . Merely in these ulterior times, in the Christian epoch, did this heavenly office semen to be combined with the evil 1 who brings people to their ruin: Jesus facing the Satan, the Satan we hear about in the Gospel who tempted Jesus, and who we hear about elsewhere in the bible, such as St. Paul. That leads to the inquiry ; did we contrive Satan, and the thought of an evil incarnate figure? Is that a appliance of early Christianity? Among many other writers, Henry Kelly discusses that a bogey adult male is utile for us, because we can state the Satan made me make it. Kelly s thesis is that the early Christians, without any wicked motivation, fundamentally manufactured this from assorted biblical mentions and mythology. That is non, nevertheless, what we believe as Catholics. We believe there is a uninterrupted flight of idea from comprehending this one who puts people to the trial by agencies of immorality, in the full disclosure of Christ, to a being and a world ( Satan and evil, severally ) that do oppose all that is good and all who are good in the World. What we see in Job is the seed of what we understand today. We are portion and package of this enigma. Can we truly say, The Satan made me make it? No. The Satan merely shows us something, tantalizes us, and we do the remainder. Note that in Genesis, what does the snake do that is evil? The snake does nil incorrect. It is wholly the adult female, so the adult male. And that sarcasm is sweet for Satan, and oppressing to us. That is why the phrase The Satan made me make it is such a false alibi. He didnt-we did. The Satan neer forces us anything. He merely shows us something attractive, something we will bask. And we fall for it. The Satan neer forced Adam and Eve to make anything. All he says is look into this out, and they take it from at that place. And that s the world of wickedness. Theodicy is the treatment in rational footings the possibility of the being of God in visible radiation of the inquiry of immorality and human agony. This is a topic of great involvement today, particularly in the last decennary. There have been some good written works on both sides. Agony is called the bedrock of godlessness. We can non disregard the inquiry of theodicy and atheism-not 25 centuries ago in Job, and surely non now. Theodicy involves two wide classs of immorality: Human/Moral Evil ( evil done by human moral agents ) and Natural Evil ( natural catastrophes, disease ) . How could a loving God allow the atrociousnesss of Nazi Germany? It seems incorrect for a loving God to convey this sort of enduring to the inexperienced person. For the inquiry of Moral Evil, that is the bosom of the affair. A tsunami kills 25,000 people in a few minutes. A Children s Hospital is filled with leukaemia patients. That is the most hard question-that of natural immorality. There is a Christian reply to agony, but it is non an easy reply. It goes far beyond what we are accustomed to hearing. We have to put aside oversimplified pietistic or rationalistic cliches. The reliable Christian response ( better than the word reply in this context ) is through the Cross. We live on this side of the Resurrection. Our response is non to set our custodies over our oral cavity, as Job did, but to indicate to a God who did non merely wipe out all agony, but did something even more profound: He entered into it with us. Through his ain agony of immorality through his life and decease, He destroys it from within through the Resurrection. God does non in any manner desire human agony, nor does he do human agony. But finally, whether it is natural immorality or moral immorality, God walks with us. He walked the manner long before us, and does so with us. Pope Benedict wrote that informants to the horrors of history frequently demand Where is God? but among those who ar e immersed in the world of enduring the consequence is merely the antonym. It is in the thick of enduring that they discover God. Jesus personally suffered more than any other individual perchance can. And through his life organic structure, he suffers each twenty-four hours. He suffered in the Holocaust in his self-emptying love for every psyche. All people seek some sort of theodicy, the inquiry of agony. Often it is the people who fail to earnestly see this inquiry of immorality who do go forth the religion. Those, on the other manus, who have seriously taken up the inquiry, tend to digest in their religion through these experiences. Job is introduced as a pious adult male. We see Satan turn toing God in the Heavenly Court, and disputing that people are faithful merely because God blesses them. God allows Satan to bring down the righteous Job. Job s three friends, Eliphaz the Temanite, Bildad the Shuhite and Zophar the Naamathite are the writer s lampoons of the Deuteronomistic position of good and evil being the effect of righteousness or wickedness. Reflect now, what guiltless individual perishes? Since when are the unsloped destroyed? Job acknowledges his guilt, but he insists that his present catastrophe is non due to his ain wickedness, and he seeks to stand before the Almighty who he knows has the power to kill him, and asseverate his clean scruples. As the rhythm of addresss of the three friends begins wrapping to a decision, Job s position begins to alter. His eyes begin to open to the ultimate reply to his predicament: But as for me, I know that my Redeemer lives, and that he will at last base Forth upon the dust. From my flesh I shall see God ; my inmost being is consumed with yearning. Whom I myself shall see: my ain eyes, non another s, shall lay eyes on him. He is still seeking to calculate out God, but his bosom is softening. He senses that his ain head can non penetrate the enigma of God s ways. Before God comes into the image, a 4th friend enters, named Elihu ( He is my God ) , who brings the instance against Job, carried to its extremum, put more efficaciously than his predecessors. Job knew from the start that the Deuteronomistic morality of his friends was indefensible. Job hunts for an reply throughout the class of his agony, and despite the extent and continuance of his parturiencies he remains certain that there is an reply. In Job 38, at long last God speaks for the first clip since the beginning, and through a series of powerful images, he makes it clear that He is God, His wisdom and judgement is non to be doubted. It is of import to observe that God does non admonish Job for protesting his artlessness, but instead for asseverating that God had been in the incorrect in non delivering him from his problems: Will we have reasoning with the Almighty by the critic? Let him who would rectify God give reply! Then Job answered the LORD and said: Behold, I am of small history ; what can I reply you? I put my manus over my oral cavity . He realizes that nil he could state would demo his wisdom more than staying silent in the presence of true wisdom. The exegete J. C. McCann observed: By its rejection of the traditional theory of requital, the Book of Job reveals a God whose kernel is love, and therefore a God who suffers with, for, and on history of world and the universe. The response which the book of Job provides goes far beyond what any Ancient Near East writer may hold proposed. Not a God like the Babylonian pantheon. Rather the Book of Job points us toward a God whose ways and ideas are far above humanity s ways and ideas. And it points us toward belief in the God who will be revealed to us in Jesus Christ. This book can merely be grasped-if at all-in the visible radiation of the decease and Resurrection of Jesus. Every Sunday we commemorate the life, enduring, decease, and Resurrection of Christ. And Job can merely be explained in visible radiation of that enigma. Job is something we must discourse if we are to be able to assist people who are enduring. Reading Job would non be a simple recommendation for a agony parishioner. It would be a walk with them through their agony. Job comes to the realisation that he could non perforate the enigma, but trusted in God however. That is what we finally say when we are enduring, or reding one who is. This inquiry of the enigma of religion emerges straight from Job. It is a really powerful inquiry, and there is no simple reply. But reflecting on the God who walks with us and has gone in front of us on the route of agony, we can happen some peace amidst our agony, understanding that long before we have encountered person s agony, Christ endured it long earlier. There are people today who try to monger the Deuteronomistic sort of idea: make positive and you ll be blessed. It seems great when things are traveling good. But when people suffer, they realize the emptiness of this position. Job neer adopts this facile point of position. As people who are representatives of the religion, and who come to the assistance of others, we must cognize that those replies in the terminal will ever turn out false and illusive. Easy responses are alluring when confronted with existent human agony. We must walk with those who suffer in honestness and fairness. We deny the transcendency of God if we say we have this all wrapped up. If anyone could neatly sum up it, non merely would that author be a fraud, but the God they describe would be a fraud every bit good. As echt curates of the Gospel, we must prophesy the truth in and out of season. Christian life is of its kernel communal, as is human life. That is a contemplation of the Triune God. We best under stand God when He suffers with us and for our interest, because exactly so He is revealed as a God of infinite compassion. The difference between the book of Job and our religion today is the disclosure of Jesus Christ. Through his life, decease, and Resurrection, we see evil confronted by Christ in a manner impossible by Old Testament criterions. In the visible radiation of Christ, we see that Satan as portrayed in Job is a foretaste of Satan as finally revealed by Christ. There we see how the Old Testament is fulfilled in the New Testament, that cardinal motion of Christian Theology. The Truth of God and of humanity brought to visible radiation through the Passion of Christ. A love that walks with us, so true and powerful, that it is a individual who becomes one like us and suffers with us. Then by digesting that with us, gives us the hope and certainty that we will joy with him in the Resurrection. Job was surely non without wickedness. And you could state he has no right to reason with God. But he has something of a point besides, and his friends are incorrect. He s non speckless, but neither did he merit what he suffered. Though none of us are impeccant, none of us deserve malignant neoplastic disease, or to endure in an accident, or decease a barbarous slaying. That is the inquiry of the agony of the inexperienced person. That is the inquiry of Job. Describe the patterned advance of scriptural idea on adult females that is found in the wisdom books and in the related transitions which we have studied. Where do these positions leave us with regard to our Christian positions? You may wish to remember figures such as the married woman of Job, Lady Wisdom or the Ideal Wife from Proverbs, and others. By and large, there has been a reasonably consistent word picture of adult females throughout the Biblical Scriptures. Women, perchance more than work forces, were characterized by and large as shrewd, virtuous, hardworking, or faithful if they were Israelite, and oblique, fallacious, and immoral if they were foreign. As would be expected from this mostly patriarchal period of human history, and in this part, there were far fewer adult females playing cardinal functions in traditional narratives. However, there were noteworthy exclusions, both good and bad. The great fall-person blamed for all immorality in the universe is of class the captivated Eve. Many modern theologists note, nevertheless, that this was non to impeach adult female, but instead to convict the hubby Adam for neglecting in his responsibility. The flip-side of that, back to Eve, nevertheless, is the inexplicit ( or possibly non so inexplicit ) premise that it was the hubby s function to protect his bride. Some w ill state that is natural, some will state that affirms the weaker nature of the feminine. Despite this bad start, Israelite adult females ( which Eve is or is non, depending on your position ) are hailed for their wisdom, courage, intelligence, and astuteness. Miriam, the sister of Moses, was instead crisp. She abandoned her babe brother in a basket in the reeds of the Nile, waited for the Pharaoh s girl to come by, so offered her female parent to nurse the babe, therefore reconstructing the abandoned babe back to his natural female parent. It was wondrous shrewd on the portion of Miriam, but non really blandishing to Pharaoh s girl. Deborah was a warrior and a divinely appointed Judge and prophetess during the amphictyony. She took the office when no work forces would accept it. She told a adult male Barak to raise an ground forces against the Canaanites, but that he would hold to portion his triumph with a adult female. By a unusual bend of events, the opposing general escaped Barak s ground forces, and fled into the collapsible shelter of Heber. Heber s married woman Jael heartily greeted him, so stabbed him through the caput with a collapsible shelter nog in his slumber, carry throughing Deborah s prognostication. Esther was queen to King Xerxes of Persia ( after she won a beauty competition following his deposition of his first married woman ) . She risked her life ( by looking before the male monarch unsummoned, but she had prayed and fasted ) to expose a secret plan by the male monarch s top adviser, Haman, to kill off the Israelites, get downing with Mordecai, because he refused to bow Haman. Esther reversed onto Haman everything he had intended to make to Mordecai and the Israelites, and Esther is even to today hailed as a great figure in Judaic Tradition. Judith ingratiates herself to a foreign general who threatens to assail Israel. She increasingly earns his trust, and is allowed into his collapsible shelter. While he is in a bibulous daze, she decapitates him. The foreign ground forces sans its leader disbands, and the morale of the Israelites gets a encouragement. Judith is besides still hailed as a great figure of Judaic Tradition. The Egyptian married woman of Pharaoh s castle guard, Potiphar, falsely accuses Joseph of attempted criminal conversation and colza ( to revenge for his refusal to accept to adultery ) . This is the beginning of the long about consistent form of disapprobation of foreign adult females in the Old Testament. Samson s first married woman was a Philistine. He had told a conundrum to the people of her small town, and they in bend convinced her to cajole the reply out of him. She finally convinced him, and so told the reply to her villagers, who by all histories cheated at the conundrum. She ended up remarrying Samson s friend. Delilah played reasonably much the same game with Samson, and he lost once more, this clip with much bigger bets. Neither Philistine adult female could be said to hold been portrayed in any manner favourably. Rahab was a Canaanite cocotte in Jericho who harbored the Israelite undercover agents sent as a precursor to the Israelite besieging of Jericho. She earned the favour of Israel which allowed her to protect her family, and a topographic point of award in the household tree of Jesus. She does non, nevertheless, show much nationalism toward Jericho. But she was besides the female parent of Boaz, the hubby of Ruth ( the great-grandparents of King David ) , and is praised in Hebrews 11 for her religion. Solomon, the great male monarch gifted with godly wisdom, was an inspiration to all. But he squandered his gift in service to his many foreign married womans. To his defence, they were trade goods traded in political dialogues. But in supplying worship topographic points for their foreign faiths, he was finally turned away from the Lord to their foreign Gods. This of class led to national calamity, climaxing in the division of the land and the Exile. During the Exile, the Hebrewss restore their fidelity to the Lord, realize that their agony was caused by their unfaithfulness to the gift of the Torah, and finally return to their land with a renewed dedication to covenant fidelity. When they arrived back in Israel ( Persian Jehud ) , they found the leftover that had been left behind by the Babylonians intermarried among the Canaanites. To avoid another penalty from the Lord, Ezra and Nehemiah in talking about the rebuilding of Jerusalem and the Temple besides speak about how Solomon ha d gotten in problem from foreign confederations and adult females. So what did Ezra and Nehemiah warn against? Do non get married foreign adult females. And if you re already married, throw out them from the dirt of Israel. Looking back over this study of the position of adult females in the history of Israel in Old Testament, we can see that with the exclusion of Rahab, who converts to the Israelite religion, foreign adult females are unsafe ( we could besides advert Jezebel ) , and Israelite adult females are epic ( of class there are many other adult females mentioned in the Old Testament: Abigail, Bathsheba, Rebekah, Sarah, Leah, Hannah, who fit this form ) . Traveling the treatment so to the feminine figures of Wisdom Literature, most conspicuously in Proverbs, we have some celebrated ladies come front phase: Lady Wisdom, Lady Folly, and the Ideal Wife. About from the beginning ( 1:20 ) of Proverbs, and woven throughout the Wisdom Literature ( Wisdom 7-8 ; Sir 1, 4, and 24 ; Bar 3 ; Proverbs 1-9 ) is the feminine personification of Wisdom. Throughout Proverbs we have the two ways systematically laid before us: the manner of the wise/good/life, and the manner of the fool/evil/death. These ways so go personified by the characters Lady Wisdom, who is to be embraced, to steer us along the right way, and Lady Folly, who our female parents warned us about, and the acrostic verse form of the Ideal Wife in Proverbs 31, who embodies the skilled, astute and hardworking qualities of a married woman that will convey award to her hubby and congratulations from her kids. In the Old Testament literature about God, there are several common togss, viz. , His wisdom, word, and spirit. It is interesting to observe that in the Old Testament, the lone property of God to be personalized is Wisdom. It is besides interesting to observe that merely as Wisdom Literature was shared among the civilizations of the Ancient Near East, so does the tradition of bodying Wisdom as a feminine figure. Linguistically, wisdom in Greek, is sophia, and in Hebrew, hokmah, both of which are feminine words. Therefore, when wisdom is personified, it s natural to utilize a feminine figure. About all the civilizations featured a feminine divinity ( such as Ishtar in Sumeria and Isis in Egypt ) of some kind, which was really normally related to wisdom. Even in certain Christian traditions, we can happen Michelangelo picturing Lady Wisdom in the Sistine Chapel, or images of the Trinity with a feminine figure picturing the Holy Spirit ( besides at times called the Wisdom of God ) . Finally, to happen declaration to the earlier study of scriptural adult females, we can look to the New Testament for ( as one might anticipate ) rather a different position. Jesus praises the Syrophoenician adult female for her religion. He addresses the Samaritan adult female at the well. He cures a girl of Abraham in the temple on the Sabbath. And in Luke, we have the scene where a adult female in the crowd shouts to Jesus, Blessed is the uterus that dullard you, and the chests that you sucked! A But Jesus responded, Blessed instead are those who hear the word of God and maintain it! A Of class what he was mentioning to was the same thing as in the terminal of Mark 3 ( Whoever does the will of God is my brother, and sister, and mother ) . He was widening the citizenship in the Kingdom of God beyond the state of Israel. One did non necessitate to be a girl of Abraham to be portion of the Covenant with God. Now about every Christian adult female in the universe, who would hold been a leery foreign adult female in the Old Testament, is a girl of Abraham in the New Covenant between God and His Peoples.

A List of Interjections and Exclamations in English

A List of Interjections and Exclamations in English Hey! Lets take a look at a long list of interjections- or, as theyre sometimes called (somewhat misleadingly), exclamations. Theyre words or short phrases that stand apart from the rest of a sentence grammatically (or on their own, without a subject and verb), and are often used to exclaim, like Ow! or Ack! Key Takeaways: Interjections Interjections are short phrases often used to exclaim.They can stand on their own as sentences. Because theyre often used to exclaim, interjections carry some emotion with them and can make fictional dialogue more realistic. Theyre of course all over comic books, especially superheroes fighting evil. Interjections are the outlaws of English grammar as illustrated in this writers other interjections piece: Interjections usually stand apart from normal sentences, defiantly maintaining their syntactic independence. (Yeah!) They arent marked inflectionally for grammatical categories such as tense or number. (No sirree!) And because they show up more frequently in spoken English than in writing, most scholars have chosen to ignore them. (Aw.) List of 100+ Interjections As you read through this list, see if you can pick out the interjections that have more than one meaning or can be used in more than one way. Additional spellings or usages are listed in parentheses. Ah: Ah, I dont know if thats true.A-ha: A-ha! I figured it out!Ahem: Ahem, could you boys stop talking so we could get on with class, please?Alas: Alas, it was not to be.Amen: Amen, hallejulah, amen!Aw: Aw, do we have to?Awesome: You two are dating? Awesome!Aww: Aww, thats so cute!Bada bing (bada-bing, bada-bing, bada-boom): Youve gotta get up close like this and- bada-BING!- you blow their brains all over your nice Ivy League suit. (The Godfather, 1972)Bah: Bah, humbug!Baloney: Oh baloney. I dont believe that.Big deal: Big deal. Who cares?Bingo: Bingo! Right on target!Boo: Boo! Scared you!Boo-hoo: That makes me sad. Boo-hoo.Booyah (boo-yah): Yeah, I aced this test. Booyah!Boy (boy oh boy): Oh boy. Oh boy oh boy. Thats heavy, man.Bravo: Bravo! That was fantastic!Brilliant: Brilliant, luv, absolutely brilliant! (U.K.)Brrr: Brr! Minus 30 degrees? Yuk.Bull: Bull. Its not 30 below zero, not really.Bye (bye-bye): Bye! See you later!Cheers: Cheers, mate. Youre welcome. (U.K.); Raise a toas t! Cheers! (U.S.) Come on (cmon): Come on. Hurry up.Cool: Oh wow, that is so cool!Cowabunga: Cowabunga, dude. (Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles)Dang: Dang it! Whered I put that?Darn (darn it): Darn it! I cant find the other one either!Dear me: Oh dear me. What are we going to do?Duck: Duck! No, really! Get down!Duh: Well, duh. I cant believe you didnt know that.Eh: Eh? What?Enjoy: Enjoy! I hope you like it!Excellent: Party time, excellent! (Waynes World)Fabulous: Fabulous! Thats just wonderful!Fantastic: Fantastic! I just love it!Fddledeedee  (fiddle-dee-dee): Fiddle-dee-dee! War, war, war; this war talks spoiling all the fun at every party this spring. I get so bored I could scream. (Gone With the Wind)Finally: Finally! I never thought thatd be done.For heavens sake(s): Oh for heavens sake, dont you know your Bible? (Little House on the Prairie)Fore: Fore! (Look out! in golf)Foul: Foul! The baseball went out of bounds.Freeze: Freeze! Stop right there!Gee (gee whiz, gee willikers): Well gee whiz, pa, wh y do I have to do that? Giddyap (giddyup): Giddyup Silver! Go, horse, go!Golly (good golly, golly gee  willikers): Golly, that sure was tasty.Goodbye (good-bye): Goodbye, see you again soon!Good grief: Good grief, Charlie Brown. (Peanuts)Good heavens: Good heavens! How did that happen?Gosh: â€Å"Whatever I feel like I wanna do, gosh!† (Napoleon Dynamite)Great: Great! Im so excited youll come along!Great balls of fire: Goodness gracious, great balls of fire! (Great Balls of Fire, Jerry Lee Lewis)Ha: Ha-ha! Thats funny!Hallelujah: Glory be to God, hallelujah!Heavens (heavens above, heavens to Betsy): Oh heavens! How could you think that?Heigh-ho: Heigh-ho neighbor! How are you?Hello: Hello! How are things with you?Help: Help! I need somebody (Help! The Beatles)Hey (hey there): Hey! Look over there!Hi (hiya): Hi! Whats up?Hip, hip, hooray: We won! On the count of three, everyone: Hip, hip hooray! Hip, hip, hooray!Hmm (hrm): Hmm. Let me think about that for a bit.Ho-ho-ho: Ho-ho-ho, Merry Christmas!Ho ly mackerel (holy cow, holy moly, holy Moses, holy smokes): Holy mackerel! I cant believe it! Ho-hum: Ho-hum, how boring.Hooray (hurrah, hurray): Hooray! Thats awesome!Howdy (howdy do): Howdy, pardner.Huh: Huh. I have no idea.Ick: Ick! How gross!Indeed: Indeed! Ill bet you didnt know that!Jeez: Jeez, do we really have to go through this now?Kaboom: Kaboom! It blew up!Kapow: And Batman hit the evildoer, kapow!Lordy (lordy, lordy): Oh lordy, lordy, look whos 40!Mama mia: Mama mia, let me go. (Bohemian Rhapsody, Queen)Man: Man, thats unbelievable.Marvelous: Marvelous! Oh, honey, thats just wonderful.My: My! I never once thought of it, Huck! (The Adventures of Tom Sawyer)My goodness (my heavens, my stars, my word): My goodness, isnt that just grand?Nah: Nah, itll never work.No problem: Thank you. No problem.No way (no way Josà ©): No way! I cant believe it.Nope: Nope. I cant do that.Nuts: Nuts! I wish I didnt have to.Oh (oh boy, oh dear, oh my, oh my gosh, oh my goodness, oh no, oh well): Oh! Thats shocking!OK (okay): OK, sounds great. Thank you.Ouch: Ouch! That hurt! Ow: Ow! That stung!Please: Would you help me, please?Poof: Poof! She just disappeared.Shh: Shh! Quiet in the library!Super: Super! Thats fantastic!Swell: Swell! How great!Welcome: Welcome! Come in!; (Youre) Welcome!Well: Well, I just dont know about that.Whoop-de-doo: Well whoop-de-doo. (sarcasm) I so dont care.Woo-hoo: Woo-hoo! Thats fantastic!Wow: Wow! I love it!Yabba dabba doo: Yabba dabba doo! (The Flinstones)Yadda, yadda, yadda: Well, we were engaged to be married, uh, we bought the wedding invitations, and, uh, yada yada yada, Im still single. (Seinfeld)Yippee: Yippie! Thats exciting!Yummy: Yummy! I love chocolate cake! Single or Double-Duty Parts of Speech Interjections have traditionally been treated as one of the eight parts of speech  (or word classes). But its worth keeping in mind that many interjections  can do double or triple duty as other parts of speech. For instance, when a  word such as boy or awesome appears by itself (often followed by an exclamation point in writing), it functions as an interjection: Boy! You have an answer for everything.The crew chief handed me my first paycheck. Awesome! I said. But when that same word shows up syntactically integrated into a sentence, it usually operates as a different part of speech. In the following examples, boy is a noun, and awesome is an adjective: The boy ate a Snickers bar.Seeing the northern lights for the first time was an awesome experience. Words that are used only  as interjections are called primary interjections, while words that also belong to other word classes are called secondary interjections.   Oh! Heres something else to look out for. The meanings of interjections sometimes change depending on the context  in which theyre used. The word oh, for example, may indicate surprise, disappointment, or delight: Oh! I didnt see you sitting there.Oh. I was hoping you could stay for a while.Oh! Im so glad you came!

Using the Common French Expression Casser Les Pieds

Using the Common French Expression 'Casser Les Pieds' The French expression casser les pieds quelquun is a weird one, a true idiom that doesnt directly translate. Phrased correctly, it means to annoy someone. This expression has evolved from casser la cervelle to casser les oreilles to casser les pieds, with the meaning of casser being more to crush than to break. It is a very commonly-used expression in French. Il me casse les pieds avec ses problà ¨mes He really annoys/bores me with his problems. The idea behind casser les pieds is more annoyance than boredom. But its used with both meanings. Note that the construction requires an indirect object pronoun. This means the expression is used with words such as me, te, lui, nous, vous, and leur. Idioms are tricky in every language. In French, its not usual to say break a leg to wish good luck to someone, for example. Casser les Pieds This is an odd-looking idiom. If you say casser les pieds quelquun, it means to annoy/bore someone. If you say casser les pieds DE quelquun its physical, and it means you broke someones feet. On jouait au foot...Pierre a tirà © dans le ballon en mà ªme temps que moi. Il ma donnà © un grand coup de pied et il ma cassà © le pied. We were playing soccer...Peter shot the ball at the same time as I did. He kicked me hard and broke my foot. Pierre a passà © la soirà ©e me raconter ses problà ¨mes de coeur, et quand je lui ai dit darrà ªter, il est allà © casser les pieds quelquun dautre. Pierre spent the evening telling me his love problems, and when I told him to stop, he went on to annoy someone else. Synonyms There are a number of synonyms for this phase, including some very common vulgar options that appear in everyday French language and pop culture. Boredom Sennuyer (very common) Sennuyer comme un rat mort, or like a dead rat, which means to be very bored. (Common expression) Se faire chier (very common vulgar slang) Annoyance Ennuyer, agacer, exaspà ©rer, importuner (quite formal) quelquun. Casser les oreilles quelquun meeans literally to break someones ears, but this expression is mostly used when someone talks too much. Faire chier quelquun (very common vulgar slang)

Research paper about lululemon Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 6

About lululemon - Research Paper Example According to this journal, Lulu Lemon has been in a position to sell approximately 95% of its products at a full price. This has been based on the strategy that involves offering fewer products in its outlets to ensure that consumer are instilled with a perception of scarcity (online.wsj.com). The core items are usually not placed on sale in most cases, in this case, when a client finds such products on the shelf, he or she feels that the product is scarce and will take it at the prices offered without considering any form of discount (online.wsj.com). In addition, the company has a strict return policy stating that no goods are supposed to be returned after fourteen days of sale; the policy also states the goods cannot be returned after they are washed worn: Such a policy has ensured its clients of the high quality of the products, thus determining the prices. The company does not rely on large quantities of data to determine their clients’ needs, thus the determination of pricing, but rather focuses on taking direct feedbacks from clients, thus making necessary improvements on their products, which also influences prices. According to Christine Day the new Company’s Chief Executive Officer, the application of large quantities of data retrieved from websites, focus groups as well as client-management relationship software to determine quality and track purchases, may provide invalid information, thus a false sense of security (www.businessinsider.com). The use of direct clientele feedback is crucial in redefining products as well as the determination of associated prices. Taking feedbacks from clients has been achieved through training its employees on eavesdropping as well as taking direct complaints from clients (www.businessinsider.com). The application of a product lifecycle is another strategy that has been applied by the company. The company ensures that when a new product, with a new color is introduced, it is

Wall street journal Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words - 4

Wall street journal - Essay Example market share as well as attempt to keep the sales in China rolling if the company is to be able to attain its goal of selling eight million units. Both the two company executives will continue to the company’s Chief Executive Mark Fields (Ramsey, 2014). Since his appointment to operations in 2010, Mr. Odell has been instrumental in crafting a restricting effort that has resulted in an 18% reduction the company’s operating capacity as well as the closure of three plants in a region where the closure of plants is acknowledged to be rather difficult. Although Ford’s European sales and market share are noted to be up this year, of concern is that the decline of the Russian economy has largely prevented the company from earning any revenue in that country. Mr. Farley who is considered as Mr. Mulally’s first major hire was brought into the company in 2006 and has since been crucial in effecting Ford’s turnaround. He is reputed as having helped in pushing the move by Ford to sell some of the relatively pricier vehicle versions such as the Titanium time line. He is also recognized as having played a major role in improving the company’s involvement in social media and a range of other nontraditional marketing avenues before this became commonplace across the entire industry. The swap is expected to help both company executives to significantly broaden their experience (Ramsey, 2014). Ramsey (2014) also points out that according to analysts, it is thought that there was a push by Mr. Farley try and do something else. This is because the issue in Europe has been identified as being not so much as bout marketing as Ford has a relatively strong market presence in that region. It is primarily about the market. This does not mean that Mr. Farley will not be able to succeed, however Europe has been an extremely difficult place. Although the European restructuring designed by Mr. Odell is

The events industry Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

The events industry - Essay Example For instance, in the current world, the amount for raising and sponsoring events is quite higher compared to the way it was several decades ago. As such, it is important to note that the event industry has been undergoing a dramatic change relevant to several issues touching on demands and interests of the organizers and the intended participants. For instance, in the past days, the costs for conducting such events involving local sports were relatively low (Smith, 2009, 53). This involved people coming, watching games and moving back to their residences. However, currently the costs of such local events have increased tremendously. The local events nowadays employ the use of public address systems as well as media involvements. These contribute towards raising the costs of such events. Events may always originate from different sources involving festivals, public events as well as cultures and traditions (Fenich, 2012, 36). However, it is important to note that events differ in their characteristics. Some events are labor intensive whereas others are perishable. Fixed time scales, uniqueness as well as personal interactions always characterize events. However, it is important to acknowledge the fact that the event industry has been critical in ensuring economic development and growth, societal development as well as conservation of cultures (Baum, 2009, 51). There are several categories and typologies of events. Events can be categorized into six main categories. These include the individual events, group events, organizational as well as multi-organizational events. In addition, other categories may include national events as well as international events. Several typologies of events exist relevant to the different categories. Individual events may comprise of weddings, birthday parties as well as private dinners (Goldblatt, 2011, 53). Group events may involve festivals as well as local

Economics Analysis when Chicken food price is going up Term Paper

Economics Analysis when Chicken food price is going up - Term Paper Example The intersection point of the demand and supply curves is called the equilibrium point (Thomas & Maurice 2008). In the given scenario, there is an increase in the input cost for products made from chicken. The input costs are higher as the chicken feed price goes up. There are certain input costs and the increase in their prices results in a reduction of the supply of the products in which they are used. An increase in input cost causes the supply curve to move towards left. In other words, an increase in input costs reduces the overall profit to the supplier and hence, the supplier reduces the level of supply. The quantity demanded, as a result, does not satisfy and remains unchanged. In our case, the result of an increase in chicken feed prices will reduce the chicken output. Relating this to the Restaurant industry, the reduced supply of chicken will result in higher prices of chicken and eggs related cuisines like Burgers, Omelets, Sandwiches and most of the baked items like cakes. The equilibrium price in the restaurant industry for the foods containing eggs goes up due to the shift in t he demand curve. The equilibrium quantity, however, has shown a declining trend. The increment in feed cost moves the supply curve to the left. The reduced supply of chicken will lead to change in the price and demand of certain products. The price of all products in which chicken is used will go up and the quantity will also be reduced as shown in the figure above. Assuming Beef as a major substitute to chicken, it is obvious that with the rise in prices of chicken products, the demand for substitutes like beef-made products will rise. The demand curve shifts towards right (Krugman & Wells 2009). The consumer demand to have meat products will then be satisfied by the consumption of beef hence an increase in the demand for beef boosts up. The poultry industry will definitely be affected adversely due to the rise in

Description of a place Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Description of a place - Essay Example It looked like a rat’s nest. The tub was full of mud. For a house that had to be sold on the market, this house needed some major rehabbing—and it was not going to be an easy job. Description #2 The old Victorian house had character oozing from every inch of its walls. Walking through the front door, one could plainly see that this house was fit for kings. Elegant paintings hung on the walls. The gilded edges of the paintings shone like pure gold. Apart from some minor issues in the kitchen and the bathroom, the wine-colored velveteen armchair in the living room and ornamental Turkish area rugs provided an inviting scenario in front of the fireplace. A pair of pink satin slippers awaited someone’s return at the base of the armchair. On the mantle, a large collection of porcelain Lladro figurines graced the entire room in various poses. No wonder this house was being put on the market for $500K. BIBLIOGRAPHY Palika, Liz, and Sheri Wachtstetter. Puppy Love. US: Joh n Wiley & Sons, 2009.

Benefits of using epidurals in the treatment of post-operative pain Research Paper - 1

Benefits of using epidurals in the treatment of post-operative pain after a bowel resection - Research Paper Example This paper will analyze the benefits of epidurals in treating post-operative pain after bowel resurrection; additional methods will also be discussed that assist in pain management after this operation. Effective administration of post-operative pain treatment is beneficial for a patient, as it does not only relieve pain, but also hastens recovery and discharge from the hospital. According to Andres, et al (N.d, p.5), post-operative pain is associated with physical and emotional suffering, as a result, sleeping becomes an impossible mission, and the recovery process is delayed. Therefore, pain management treatments are administered with an aim of improving the quality of a patient’s life, allowing quick recovery, and reducing death cases. Epidural involves the continuous flow of pain relief medicines through a cannula that is placed in the back of a patient. Bowel resection is a surgical procedure whereby, part of large or small intestine is removed; however, it occurs in two forms - large bowel resection or small bowel resection. Large bowel resection involves the removal of part of the large intestines, whilst small bowel resection involves the removal of part of the small intestine that is affected (University of Maryland, Medical Centre, 2011). The advantage of using epidural after bowel resection is that it not only reduces pain, but also prevents post-operative ileus. Patients who undergo bowel resection often experience post-operative ileus, a complication that may arise after a bowel section. In addition, thoracic epidural hastens the recovery of a patient by enabling the bowel to function (Johnson & Walsh, 2009). Holte & Kehlet (2001) argue that, epidural techniques such as anesthetic reduce surgical stress responses, autonomic reflex responses, and organ dysfunctions; they also reduce post-operative morbidity as well. As opposed to inflammatory drugs, which affect the healing of a wound,

Description of a place Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Description of a place - Essay Example It looked like a rat’s nest. The tub was full of mud. For a house that had to be sold on the market, this house needed some major rehabbing—and it was not going to be an easy job. Description #2 The old Victorian house had character oozing from every inch of its walls. Walking through the front door, one could plainly see that this house was fit for kings. Elegant paintings hung on the walls. The gilded edges of the paintings shone like pure gold. Apart from some minor issues in the kitchen and the bathroom, the wine-colored velveteen armchair in the living room and ornamental Turkish area rugs provided an inviting scenario in front of the fireplace. A pair of pink satin slippers awaited someone’s return at the base of the armchair. On the mantle, a large collection of porcelain Lladro figurines graced the entire room in various poses. No wonder this house was being put on the market for $500K. BIBLIOGRAPHY Palika, Liz, and Sheri Wachtstetter. Puppy Love. US: Joh n Wiley & Sons, 2009.

Consumer Preference About Different Branded Sports Shoes Essay Example for Free

Consumer Preference About Different Branded Sports Shoes Essay Statement about the problem This project takes a look in various kinds of Merchandising activities, Market Share of different sports shoes and various Sales Promotion schemes, which are followed in the Sports shoes industry. The three major global players i. e. Reebok, Nike, and Adidas dominate the sports shoes industry in India. India is one of few battlegrounds in the world where there is neck-to-neck competition between the three. The companies claim to be in number one sport coating the data produced by two different marketing research companies. In the 1980s, Adidas sneakers became popular amongst teenagers and young men. The Adidas sneaker was popularized by the Run DMC song My Adidas and became a huge fashion trend. The Tapie affair the history of the company as presented by its official web site is incomplete, perhaps because it is indirectly linked to financial scandals. After a period of serious trouble. The death of Adolf Dasslers son Horst Dassler in 1987, the company was bought in 1990 by Bernard Tapie, for 1. 6 billion French francs ($320 million), which Tapie borrowed. Tapie was at the time a famous specialist of rescuing bankrupt companies, a business on which he built his fortune. Nike is the worlds #1 manufacturer and marketer of athletic footwear and apparel. Almost out of the blue, the company established itself as one of the worlds most familiar brands during the 1980s and 1990s. As familiar as a Coke bottle or Big Mac, the Nike swoosh logo came to symbolize not just sports culture, but street culture, as the appeal of the star players who endorsed the brand was carried onto city streets. The approach of the new century set Nike new problems. Trainers went (briefly) out of fashion, economic slowdown and labor problems hit Asian performance. But the group has bounced back, retaining its iron grip on the sporting apparel sector and still undisputed leader in sports-oriented street wear. Reebok is the worlds third-largest maker of sneakers, athletic shoes and sports apparel. Goods are sold under the brands Reebok, Rockport and Greg Norman Collection.

Geographical and Cultural Overview of the US

Geographical and Cultural Overview of the US Stephanie Cheah Introduction: The USA plays a very big role in our daily lives. Everything that we do is somehow connected to the United States, from our smartphones, to the value of money in our wallets, and even the laptop this project is being typed on. In this paper, all aspects of the United States will be explored. Its physical geography, population, industry, role as a superpower, and issues that they are facing. The USA is a very prominent country not only in the areas mentioned above, but in its physical size and population. Being the third largest country in the world in land mass and the third largest country in population, the USA has a very diverse society. They are also the leaders in many aspects of our lives, practically controlling our lives across the globe. 1. The physical features of the USA The USA covers 3.806 million sq miles (9.857 million km ²). It is the third largest country in the world, after Russia and its neighbours Canada. Relief The eastern part of the USA is low and flat, excluding the Appalachian Mountains, which are low rounded highlands. The western half is much higher, with more mountain ranges running down from Alaska to Mexico. The Central Plains are gently rolling plains, and the Great Plains are slightly higher. Both combined form an important farming region for cattle and crops such as wheat, corn and soyabean. Mountains There are four major mountains in the United States: the Rocky Mountains, Appalachian Mountains, Cascade Range, and the Sierra Nevada. The Rocky Mountains: They run 3000 miles from western Canada to the state of New Mexico. They also include numerous sub ranges, such as the Wasatch, Bitterroots, Big Horn, and Front Ranges. The Appalachian Mountains: Situated in the eastern United States, they stretch from Alabama northeast across New England, and extending up to Canada. The Cascades: The Cascade Range along the West Coast of the United States extend from Canada into the US states of Washington, Oregon, and California. These mountains were formed as part of the Pacific Ring of Fire, and have volcanoes, including Mount St. Helens and Lassen. Sierra Nevada The Sierra Nevada mountains, located in the states of California and Nevada, are about 400 miles long. The name Sierra Nevada is Spanish for snowy mountains, because of the snow-capped peaks of the range. Many of the mountains are formed of granite, and shaped by glaciers. The tallest mountain in the United States in Mt McKinley, at 20,320 feet, in the Alaska range. Rivers There are approximately 250,000 rivers, adding up to about 3,500,000 miles (or 5,632,704km) of rivers. The Missouri (a tributary of the Mississippi River) is the longest river in the USA which is 2540 miles (4088km) long. In terms of volume, the Mississippi River is largest. Together they form the fourth longest river in the world, which is almost 7000km long. The longest undammed river is the Yellowstone river, which is 692 miles (1113km) long. Lakes The Great Lakes are the largest group of lakes in the world. Four of them are shared with Canada. 2. USA’s climate As USA has a large land mass, it has a wide range of climates. In Alaska, much of the land is tundra, and where it is not, it is cold and drier. At the south as well as Hawaii, there is tropical climate, meaning that it has warm summers and mild winters. In the south west, it is mostly desert, which are made out of stony soil and low shrubs. The Sonoran is the hottest, but it has cool winters. Large land masses heat up fast in summer and cool fast in winter. The further inland you go, the more drastic the temperature difference will be between summer and winter. Climate Regions There are nine climate regions in the USA: Central, East North Central, Northeast, Northwest, South, Southeast, Southwest, West and West North Central. Below is a diagram of the average temperatures: The west side of the country is the coldest, while the south is much warmer. The hottest states are in the South and East North Central. 2. Population of USA The USA has a population of approximately 324,490,000 people. There has been a fast but steady increase in the population of the USA over 25 years. This is comprised out of many diverse ethnicities which are shown in the diagrams below. Racial/Ethnic Mix Over 25 years, there has been an increase of approximately 53,000 people in the total population. The USA has seen a rise the general non-white population, with the exception of the Indian population, which has remained constant throughout the 25 years, and the â€Å"Other† category, which saw a decrease from 2005 to 2015. White remains the ethnicity with the largest population, while the Hispanic population is the second largest. For the convenience of the reader, a pie chart has been created to illustrate the above statistics. 3. Population Distribution The Eastern side of the USA is more densely populated compared to the west. However, it is rather densely populated along the west coast, as shown in the diagram above. The most densely populated cities are New York, Los Angeles, Chicago, Houston and Philadelphia. Possible reasons to why these cities are more densely populated are: Their geographic locations make it a suitable place to trade and live comfortably. The most populous cities in the US are located near a body of water, have a (preferably) mild climate and easy access to natural resources. Water was the easiest way to transport goods before the Industrial Revolution, and it also allowed the movement of ideas. It also made it easier for immigrants to arrive there, considering their mode of transport was also water. 4. The automotive industry Henry Ford was the man who started up America’s automotive industry. Although he did not invent the motor car, he was the first to set up a factory producing low-cost cars that virtually anyone could afford. His first fatory was in Detroit, Michigan. He picked a good pace to set up his first factory. Detroit is located in an area known as the ‘manufacturing belt’. This place had lots of steel works, an abundance of workers, and a large number of nearby customers. He started with the Ford Model T, which was launched on 1 October 1908. It soon gained popularity, and sold 15 million Model Ts across the world. Mr Henry Ford was keen on globalisation as well. Within 20 years of opening his first factory, he set up plants in the UK, Canada, France, India, Germany and Australia. However, the American car industry is not experiencing the same success it did years ago. The Big Three American companies: Ford, General Motors and Chrysler, are selling less and less cars, mostly due to competition from other foreign car companies. The downfall started in the 1970s, when there were too many cars and the USA’s oil deposits were being used up and oil had to be imported. US car companies continues to lose money when Japan began to export smaller and cheaper cars to the USA. Now with even more cars on the road, it increases the air pollution and there is pressure to come up with cars that limit carbon emissions, by creating cars that run on fuel other than petrol. 5. Agriculture industry The USA is the world’s top exporter and the most productive in the history of the world. Thanks to the USA’s large land mass and range of climates, many crops are able to grow there. The two main crops grown there are wheat and corn, and rearing livestock also brings a lot of business. What makes the American farmers so productive is the fact that they have plenty of fertile flat land, which is suitable for growing crops and the usage of large machinery. Apart from this, there are large mechanised farms which often specialise in only one type of crop. They also use chemicals such as fertilisers to aid the plant’s growth. increase the yield and pesticides to protect the crops. They also lead in crop research. Through genetic modification, scientists have developed plants that can grow in a hostile environment. Lastly, the US government pays subsidies to farmers to encourage them. California is also famous for farming. It produces all types of fruit and vegetables, including grapes. Rearing cattle and selling milk is also big business, as well as growing rice and cotton. However, there is a huge debate going on about what America’s limited water should be used for. As 11% of America’s cropland depends on irrigation, it means that it takes up a lot of water. In fact, it takes up half of the USA’s water consumption. 6. The American Dream The American Dream is a belief that everyone in the USA has an equal chance to succeed regardless of their ethnicity or their background. This is what has led thousands of people over to the USA. Many people are drawn to the USA as there is not only the belief of the American Dream, but there is opportunity there. They go there for better education for their children. Most go there to find work, whether they are highly-skilled, or if they lack education and are willing to work hard and build a better life. Here is an example of an American Dream that did come true: â€Å"Ursula Burns The CEO ofXeroxfaced numerous struggles to arrive atop that company. Raised by a single mother a Panamanian immigrant in a New York City housing project, she attended parochial school and discovered an aptitude for math and figures. While she was pointed by teachers toward a traditional womans career such as nursing, she made another calculation: What high-paying work was available with the degree she knew she could get in math or science? She attended Polytechnic Institute of New York and Columbia University with that in mind.† Unfortunately, while the American Dream does come true for some, others aren’t as lucky. Thousands who arrive from their native countries migrate in the hopes of getting a better education or occupation, but the only thing they are met with is homelessness. To quote the New York Times: â€Å"Oscar was a shy 15-year-old when his parents hired a local ‘coyote’ in July 2008 to help him leave Veracruz, Mexico, and cross the border to seek work in the United States. Jorge, gregarious, bright-eyed and also 15, gathered up his 6-year-old cousin six months later and left Tegucigalpa, Honduras, in the middle of the night, to escape abuse that he said had escalated into fistfights with his father. He also planned to work and send money back to his mother. Without knowing it, both were headed toward homelessness. In that, they joined thousands of other immigrant children who have left their native country — for work, family reunification or refuge — crossed into the United States and wound up alone.† Is the American Dream just a fantasy? Or is it something that is real, and we know will definitely come to us? I find that both statements are wrong. The Dream is very much alive, but like it is, after all, still a dream. Not all dreams will come true. 7. Physical Geography of California The state of California covers a land area of 163,973 square miles and 7,734 square miles of water. California is the third largest state in the US and has over 1,200 miles of coastline. There are three major mountain ranges in California: the Klamath Mountains, Cascade Mountains and the Sierra Nevada Mountains. To the south-east extreme of California is the Mojave Desert which covers over 25,000 square miles of Californian territory. Vegetation is sparse and most of the region is at an elevation of more than 2,000 feet above sea level. The Central Valley is long, flat and sheltered, and the Death Valley is the hottest part of the Mojave Desert, which can reach temperatures up to 50 °C in the summer. Most of California enjoys mild climate and equitable rainfall. The coastal regions can get rather cold in winter months. The desert regions are low on rainfall and the temperature soars up to 130 °F (54 °C). The cities of Los Angeles and San Diego have average temperatures ranging between 50 °F (10 °C)and 60 °F (15 °C) and are very pleasant. This area is also affected by the presence of many earthquake causing fault lines. The San Andreas Fault, running through California, is a major fault line. 8. Issues the USA is facing Environmental Issues Due to the USA being located where two plates meet, the west coast is prone to earthquakes and volcano eruptions. On the south east side, hurricanes often occur, as it is near to the Atlantic Ocean. Tornadoes are also a frequent occurrence, especially in spring and summer. In addition to this, droughts are common throughout the whole of the USA. This is caused by low rainfall, which also leads to wildfires. To make matters worse, people have been pumping too much water from rivers and aquifers. Social issues While the American Dream is based on the idea that everyone has an equal chance, one aspect is certainly false. According to the statistics, far more non-whites have been arrested and persecuted. Studies have shown that a non-white person (eg. Black, Hispanic) was more likely to be stopped and frisked. In New York City, 80% of the stops made were blacks and Latinos, and 85% of those people were frisked, compared to a mere 8% of white people stopped. In the year 2010, it was reported by the US Sentencing Commission that whites faced a 10% shorter sentence compared to their black counterparts. While these numbers could possibly be justified as the non-white community happening to commit more crime, it should not be that a survey in 2011 revealed that 52% of non-Hispanic whites expressed anti-Hispanic attitudes. Although one may argue that the first black president, Barack Obama, was elected in 2009, this does nothing to disguise the fact that coloured people are still facing discrimination against them. Economic Issues The US no longer produce what we need to sustain themselves. Instead, they import much more than they export. As they are not making enough profit, they take on colossal debts to maintain their high standard of living. The US does not acknowledge that other countries are undermining them. For example, China’s currency manipulation has cost the U.S. millions of jobs. Instead we encourage U.S. manufacturers to design, engineer, and produce in third world markets like Mexico and China, making the problem even worse. 9. The USA as a superpower Why is it a superpower? The United States of America is not only a powerful nation economically; it is also one in the fields of science and technology. The USA receives the highest number of immigrants per year (approximately 1 million), a leader in technology, business, movies and tertiary education. It has the highest GDP (Gross Domestic Product) in the entire world, almost twice that of the next highest. However, the United States of America is a huge spender, particularly on their military. They also spend the most of the world’s military spending, almost half of the total. The USA’s powerful military contributes largely to them being a superpower. During the two World Wars, there was a struggle for power, initially with the European â€Å"great powers† such as the United Kingdom, Russians, Austria-Hungary to name a few, then to one global empire (Great Britain), Japan, and currently the United States. After World War II, two superpowers emerged: the United States and the Soviet Union. They were both so heavily armed that engaging in direct war with each other could possibly destroy our civilisation. They also have a huge influence on our modern culture. They are the leaders for entertainment such as television shows, movies, music, food, fashion and plenty other things. Almost everything we do today, from what clothes we wear, to what music we listen to, or what digital device we use is all influenced by the US. References: US Rivers EnchantedLearning.com. (n.d.). Retrieved March 24, 2015. Gallagher, R., Parish, R. (2009). Geog 3 (3rd ed., pp. 52-68). Oxford: Oxford University Press. US Population by Year. (2015, January 1). Retrieved March 31, 2015, from http://www.multpl.com/united-states-population/table United States Mountain Ranges Map. (n.d.). Retrieved April 1, 2015, from http://www.mapsofworld.com/usa/usa-maps/united-states-mountain-ranges-maps.html Economic Overview. (n.d.). Retrieved April 16, 2015, from http://www.epa.gov/agriculture/ag101/printeconomics.html Economic Problems Facing the U.S. | Economy In Crisis. (n.d.). Retrieved April 16, 2015, from http://economyincrisis.org/content/major-economic-problems-facing-united-states United States Mountain Ranges Map. (n.d.). Retrieved April 16, 2015, from http://www.mapsofworld.com/usa/usa-maps/united-states-mountain-ranges-maps.html Chudyniv, B., Burnham, L. (n.d.). Retrieved April 16, 2015, from http://www.loc.gov/rr/frd/pdf-files/domestic_trends.pdf California Geography. (n.d.). Retrieved April 16, 2015, from http://www.mapsofworld.com/usa/states/california/geography.html U.S. Climate Regions. (n.d.). Retrieved April 16, 2015, from http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/monitoring-references/maps/us-climate-regions.php Knight, M. (2012, February 25). Far From Family, Alone, Homeless and Still Just 18. Retrieved April 16, 2015, from http://www.nytimes.com/2012/02/26/us/of-young-immigrants-who-arrive-alone-many-end-up-homeless-in-chicago.html 11 Facts About Racial Discrimination. (n.d.). Retrieved April 16, 2015, from https://www.dosomething.org/facts/11-facts-about-racial-discrimination Adelman, J. (2013, November 24). Why The U.S. Remains The Worlds Unchallenged Superpower. Retrieved April 16, 2015, from http://www.forbes.com/sites/realspin/2013/11/24/why-the-u-s-remains-the-worlds-unchallenged-superpower/ Largest Countries in the World by Area. (n.d.). Retrieved April 16, 2015, from http://www.mapsofworld.com/world-top-ten/world-top-ten-largest-countries-in-area-map.html Why New York City keeps getting bigger Per Square Mile. (2012, January 26). Retrieved April 16, 2015, from http://persquaremile.com/2012/01/26/why-new-york-city-keeps-getting-bigger/